There are literally thousands of pubs to choose from that are scattered across the UK, and a lot of the more well known ones reside in our nations capital. Here is a few of the favourites for you to feast your eyes on.

Three of the most famous London Pubs

Punch & Judy

This is certainly not a kids show, this exquisite West End pub is situated in the widely popular Covent Garden and is split into two bars with an upstairs floor that has a simply beautiful balcony where you can kick back and relax with your favourite beverage. The downstairs is more like the old school London pubs you used to get, quite compact but friendly and welcoming. It is one of the busiest pubs in the whole of London and is where it get its fame from, they even play rock and indie music to entice the younger generations. It is open daily and serves plenty of delicious food, making it a perfect place to visit.

The Blind Beggar

Famous worldwide, this pub was popular back in the day where east end gangsters roamed London’s streets. When the The Blind Beggar was opened Ronnie Kray (one of the 2 Kray twins, known to be the most famous gangsters in London) was found guilty of the murder of fellow underworld figure, George Cornell. This has made this pub one of the most historical in the country and is almost a pub and a museum at the very same time. It is safe for visitors and it is said that William Booth gave his first ever open air sermon outside its doors, which lead to the creation of The Salvation Army. Unlike the Punch & Judy pub, this bar is a little more quiet so there is no massive influx of people and tourists whilst you are enjoying your food and drink.

The Punch Bowl

Owned by no other than world famous film director and ex husband to Madonna, Guy Richie. The Punch Bowl was built in 1750 and is famous for not only its owner but also its clientèle as famous stars such as Leonardo Di Caprio, Mickey Rourke, Robert Downey Jr, Jude Law and Sophie Dahl have all been for a tipple. Being high quality it is no surprise that the pub is situated in the heart of Mayfair and they even have a private room that is a saloon with not only its own bar but also a wonderfully quaint open fireplace. To top it all off they have a large selection is succulent food that is entirely sourced from Britain and is of the finest quality, certainly somewhere to consider for a special occasion.

By Veselina Dzhingarova

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For example it will bring a lot of mess when you have to take it out of room because you will need to move everything that is on the top of it. Every bureau, tea- table, kitchen table, commode, closet, wardrobe, dower-chest, bed, sofa, armchair, chair and so, and so must bring up and the carpet have to be pulled slowly beneath it. And all these in order you are inherently able to get it off from the floor at all because it is frequently seen situation in which the carpet is moulding fixed.

Another big problem is how you are going to dry your loved carpet. Even if are able to clean it somehow have you thought that it will stays wet days after that? And all that water will emanate a lot of damp that will remain in the room. And when the air is moist it can cause a lot of trouble with breathing and health and also it dispose of mould growth which is even worse. Have in mind that while the carpet is drying you won’t be able to use the room. Another unpleasant thing is the floor covered by something wet for a long time can undergo with some damage.

Consider all the detergents that you will need. They are specific and that makes them expensive, on one side, and unusable for cleaning other stuffs on the other. All tissues require certain maintain. Many chemicals are so strong that can damage the surface not on purpose. They are also dangerous for your health and that of your beloved child or pet.

It is not impossible to do this job by yourself but counting on professionals may reduce money, time, stress and trouble. You can easy pick a company that offer this service because it is wanted and preferred by many housewives.

Cleaning your carpet will occur in a different way. First of all the cleaners are professionally trained technicians working with certain modern machines. Most of them are using the Steam Technology on the basis of which is treatment with cure water given a lot of pressure. This technique presents a lot of bright sides:
– No matter what kind of fabric is your carpet or rug it will be properly cleaned without any chance of damaging
– The specific detergents that professionals employ can not be bought from the market. They are bio- degradable, eco- friendly, non allergic causes, checked and time- tested.
– The high pressure at which the water is exposed will remove every stain and undo the original colours.
– The cloth which are exposed at high traffic or heavy furniture will return their proper places.
– After having it washed they will apply drying which is able to aboard up to 95% of the water. That means that after a couple of hours the carpet will be completely drain.

Author: Brandon Bradshaw 

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Alternative transport – Walking, cycling, skateboarding, rollerblading or even going retro with some roller-skates: whatever you prefer. These are all great ways to travel and will save you money in the process. One of the major complaints about London, myself included, is transport costs. Certainly, Oyster cards and ticket splitting can help with this also, but I will get to that. The UK Government are keen to get people cycling and walking, especially within congested areas such as London. They have spent millions on cycle path infrastructure – so use it to your advantage!

Planning Transport – If walking or any of the alternative methods are just not feasible, look into the infamous Oyster Card. Which card you would be eligible for would really depend on various factors, including age. The two main cards are the Oyster Zip for 16- 18 year old students and the 18+ students. Average savings are around 30%, which in times of austerity, is not to be sniffed at! If you live further afield, then try ticket splitting. Basically, you split your journey up and go through various stations to achieve the most economical route. It may not be the quickest of course, but it will cheaper!!

Socialising on the economical side – something that goes hand in hand with being a student is – the social scene: but often it can be expensive! London is a multi-cultural city with lots of free and interesting events, fairs and shows. Keep an eye out in the local papers for free events and goings on. What’s great about doing it this way, is that you are sure to find some real gems. Also, for you serious bargain hunters, there are sites such as Wowcher, 5pm.com, Groupon and other discount deal websites.

Student Accommodation in London – Seeking low priced accommodation and is one of the best ways to keep down costs. For the maximum benefit, if at all possible, live with other students. All students are entitled to council tax exemption which can be upward of £1,700 per year! Seeking residence within halls or dedicated student residence apartments are also two great options!

Shopping at markets – London is full of markets, and these are always an ideal place to find a bargain or two! One of the most famous, and probably the most highly respected of markets is: the Camden Market. Camden has everything you would ever need! Clothes, household-goods and furniture. There is an amazing little stall that has some awesome handmade lamps – go check it out!

TV Licence? – If you look closely at the guidelines, then it is possible to watch TV without having a TV licence. This is not  only applicable to students, but to anyone who owns a TV. You are legally allowed to own a TV and you are free to watch it as much as you like, as long as you are not recording or watching live TV.

Cheap Books – Information from books is often re-cycled. Publishers need to generate income, somehow and you can only write a book so many times, so they just release updated issues. Normally they just update case-studies, or add a few new graphics. Purchase old books from Amazon and you will find some great bargains; but my best advice within this field though, is – “Google Book ”

Google Books is a completely legitimate resource, and a fine resource it is. Completely free as-well. As long as you reference everything properly you will be fine. The best thing about it is, that you can gain lots of quotes from a variety of different resource without even opening a book! I have provided an example of a simple search on brand equity:

As you can see, your keywords are even highlighted! “What about referencing” I hear you cry! No problem:

Take what you need. It is so simple and it is free!

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Body

The Six Nations Rugby Union tournament is in full swing and Europe’s best players are putting their bodies on the line in a bid for victory. Rugby’s a tough sport and sometimes it’s those players’ bodies that pay the price – injury lists from this year’s campaign prove it!

Today we’re having a look at some of the injuries that regularly crop up with rugby players. If you play the game yourself you’ll probably recognise most of the problems we’ve picked out, but if you’re new to rugby then hopefully this guide will help you avoid the worst consequences of any knock you take on the pitch.

While you sometimes can’t avoid an injury in sport, a bit of knowledge and some good medical insurance go a long way to helping you get back on your feet.

Head injury

Stricken Six Nations player: French flanker Wenceslas Lauret missed the opening game of France’s Six Nations after suffering a concussion.

Whether it’s getting down and driving for the line or diving in for a tackle, you often put you’re your head into dangerous positions when you’re playing rugby. Unfortunately this means head knocks are common, and although concussions can come in different severities, they should all be treated seriously.

If you take a knock you should stop playing and get some medical advice. Don’t spend time alone and make sure you avoid contact and collision for at least three weeks. When you do get back to playing, remember to take it easy and watch the head – repeated concussions might mean it’s time to hang up your boots for good.

Hamstring strain

Stricken Six Nations player: Irish fly half Jonathon Sexton went off against England with a suspected Hamstring tear.

Hamstrings are the tough tendons that anchor the muscles down the back of your thigh to your bone – although the name hamstring can also be applied to these muscles themselves. Sudden lunging, running or jumping can cause the hamstring to tear, so it’s a pretty common rugby injury.

If you feel your hamstring go, elevate your leg and get some ice on the affected area. For the first few days you should put ice on the injury for ten minutes every couple of hours to minimize the swelling. Most hamstring injuries will heal themselves given time to rest but for serious tears, surgery might be an option.

Sprained ankle

Stricken Six Nations player: The start of England centre Manu Tuilagi’s campaign was disrupted by an ankle injury.

When rugby players sidestep, quickly change direction or get crushed in a big tackle sometimes the ankle often suffers more than anything else. There are lots of ligaments holding bones together in the ankle joint and if they take a sharp wrench or jerk then these can be damaged, causing a sprain.

The first two or three days after getting a sprained ankle are vital to a swift recovery. If you’ve gone down with a bad ankle twist there are some things that you should do, and some things that you should avoid. Do pay the PRICE (Protect, Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate). But avoid further HARM (Heat, Alcohol, Running, Massage).

Damaged thumb

Stricken Six Nations player: Wales flanker Ryan Jones missed the start of the campaign with a thumb injury.

From running with the ball in hand, to tackling and rucking, the hands are at the heart of a lot of the action in rugby and that means that the thumb can often be damaged. The thumb accounts for 50 per cent of hand function so damaging it can be a really frustrating experience.

As with other injuries, treatment varies based on the severity of the damage Mild sprains might need nothing more than strapping and a rest to clear up, while severe fractures and breaks could need the application of a hard cast or even surgery. As with all of the injuries, if you keep on feeling pain in your thumb get it checked out by a professional.

Shoulder injury

Stricken Six Nations player: Wales skipper Sam Warburton suffered a shoulder injury against Ireland in the opening game of the tournament.

When rugby players go in for a big hit or drive all their forward energy is often directed straight through their shoulder. This extreme force on the shoulder area can lead to an injury.

If you hurt your shoulder in a game, get ice on it as soon as you can. As with many other injuries, the key to a speedy recovery is preventing inflammation at this early stage and ice is perfect for this. If you experience pain and want to get something from the chemists, ibuprofen is the best over the counter medicine for you as it has anti-inflammatory properties. If the injury is a little worse, a course of physiotherapy or even surgery may be required.

Do you play rugby? Are any of these injuries familiar to you?

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The Theme

The way your property looks can play a huge part in this tale. Being able to customise your home as and when you please can make a significant difference to the way you feel about living there. It has been said that certain colours can directly affect a person’s mood. For instance, many people believe that the colour yellow evokes feelings such as generosity and light heartedness, whereas the colour red is thought to be enticing and exciting. Others believe that the way you place things in and around your home can also affect the way you feel. This is known to the masses as feng shui, and is practiced by many people from around the world.

The Location

The town you choose to live in will always be a major factor here. For many, their place of birth, or place of heritage, will always be their home and most people never fly too far from the nest. For those who have grown bored and seek to explore new lands and cities there is many a town that could please all their curiosities. Some of the more luxurious and friendly locations in the UK include Beaconsfield, Sevenoaks, Docklands and Ipswich. If you are not happy in the town that you are in, then it might be time to look for somewhere new to spread your wings.

The Company

The company you keep will almost always affect the way you behave, act and feel. Living with your family, for example, carries many pros and cons. As much as they look out for you and are always there if you need help, than can get on the wrong side of you after a while, even if you get on well normally. Also, if you find that you have more friends in other towns rather than your own, it can make you feel a bit distant and detached. You should surround yourself with people you love and care about to make you feel cosier and give you a sense of belonging and peace.

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Some major metropolitan destinations, however, don’t have to do much at all to bring the holiday-makers flooding in. One such city is London, the UK’s stunning capital and one of the most popular destinations in the world. Here are four familiar aspects of life here that most visitors hope will always stay the same.

Public transport

The superb red buses have been a symbol of London for many decades now, and even though their design has been updated over the years they remain an intrinsic part of the city’s overall look. Sleek black taxis are also part of the landscape and, beneath the ground, you’ll find a stunning collection of tube stations and trains, all of them resplendent in a magnificent art deco styling. Getting from A to B in a city has never been more enjoyable – or more iconic – than in London.

River Thames

Many of the world’s major cities were built on a river, of course, but few waterways have such a casual air of majesty as the Thames. At around 215 miles in length, it’s not a particularly long river, but it has been synonymous with London for hundreds of years. If you’re planning to visit the city for the first time in the coming months, be sure to indulge yourself with an organised sightseeing cruise during your stay, because the views from the water are especially impressive.

Open spaces

A large proportion of cities developed from small towns to large urban sprawls quickly and unrelentingly, and in many cases the planners forgot to retain areas where the people could enjoy fresh air and some much-needed tranquillity. Thankfully, this isn’t the case in London, where the city fathers included a number of beautiful parks and gardens in their plans. Even in the very centre of the city you’ll see there are plenty of places in which it’s easy to forget you’re in the middle of a concrete jungle.

Rich heritage

It goes without saying that London is home to a huge number of historic buildings, monuments and landmarks. A few days spent in this awesome city is never enough to see all of the sights, so you may want to consider staying for longer. From the Houses of Parliament and Trafalgar Square to the London Eye and the Natural History Museum, there really is something for everyone in the UK’s capital, so if you’re coming to see the place soon you should consider drawing up an itinerary.

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Thanks to an enormous collection of monuments, landmarks, museums, attractions, restaurants, hotels and live entertainment venues, London has something to offer everyone. Whether you like to check out the cultural highlights such as the Tate Gallery or you want to view the city from on high via the London Eye, you will always find something in this city that will catch your fancy.

Most city break visitors will only have three or four days to spare when they make a trip to London, and will therefore have to work hard to pack everything into the allotted time. As a result, the mornings and afternoons are extremely hectic, and in the evenings they rarely have much energy left to see the city at night. It’s a great shame, because the Theatreland district is always worth a visit.

An amazing choice

At any given time, there will be dozens of superb shows playing in the West End, so even if you feel exhausted you should still make the effort to see one. After all, you can always catch up on sleep when you get back home again. This glamorous area is usually buzzing with excitement, and a number of the theatres themselves are steeped in a rich history that dates back many decades.

Many people head to the nearby restaurants for a pre-show dinner, and several of these establishments offer special deals for diners at this time. This is especially good news for those who are on a budget, of course, and for the weary traveller they also provide a golden opportunity to recharge the batteries in preparation for an evening of stylish entertainment in a local theatre.

Whether you prefer to tap your feet as you take in a spectacular musical or perhaps to sit on the edge of your seat as an intricate drama unfolds, you’ll find exactly what you need in the West End. Many tourists head to the famous ticket booth (which is located in Leicester Square) in the afternoon just to see what might be available for the evening’s performances. It’s a great way to save money, and to add an element of surprise to the experience.

By David Showell – Follow him on Google+.

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East Kent

There are a number of places in the south-eastern corner of England which are well worth a visit, the most familiar of which is the town of Dover. The famous white cliffs are truly spectacular, and the seaside resorts of Ramsgate and Folkestone are both within easy reach. If you are a fan of historic buildings, be sure to visit Canterbury, because the cathedral is one of the most spectacular religious buildings in the whole world.

Somerset Coast

If you mention the West Country to most Britons, and indeed most tourists, they will invariably think of the counties of Devon and Cornwall, but Somerset should also be on the must-visit list. The coastline is home to some beautiful beaches, many of which are exceptionally peaceful even in the summer months. If you like to be among the crowds, head to the resorts of Weston-Super-Mare and Minehead.

Gower Peninsula

Three Cliffs Bay on the Gower peninsular of South Wales.  (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

There are some wonderful holiday destinations in Wales, but those who know the Gower Peninsula rarely go anywhere else. It’s located in the south of the principality, close to Swansea, and it offers some of the finest seascape vistas anywhere in Britain. As well as a succession of impressive beaches, there are also some spectacular castles, including Pennard and Bovehill.

Glasgow

A famous city such as Glasgow could never truly be described as hidden, of course, but it’s certainly not on the usual tourist schedule for most people. City breaks are exceptionally popular in London and Edinburgh, but Scotland’s largest and busiest city is home to a number of fascinating museums and art galleries, as well as a whole host of historic buildings.

A view over Glasgow from Queen’s Park in the city’s south side. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Norfolk Broads

The Norfolk Broads are exceptionally popular with visitors from the UK, but not too many overseas visitors make their way to this collection of attractive waterways and chocolate-box villages. There are plenty of exceptional accommodation options to be found in the area, but many people choose to hire a boat and stay on the water for a few days instead. Though busy in the summer, there is always enough room for everyone.

Author: David Showell lives in England and is a regular traveller. Follow him on Google+.

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But this post will set out to be far more detailed than these sweeping views, which in any case, are often ill-conceived.

History

Rugby union was the original form of the game, and of course the story behind its accidental founding by Rugby School pupil William Webb Ellis in 1784, is well-known. Wind forward 111 years, however, and club officials and players based in northern England, finding it difficult to attract players because their employers would not compensate them for time spent away from their work while taking part in matches. This refusal was seen as a handicap to clubs comprising mainly working class players, who could not afford to lose any income, while those made up of more prosperous men could afford to take time out from their jobs to play their sport.

As a result, a breakaway league of 22 teams was formed out a meeting held in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, in 1895. They adopted the ‘rugby league’ name  in 1922, but it wasn’t until three years after this that the clubs started to pay their players – even though, at that time, it was stipulated that their wages had to be covered by money coming through the turnstiles.

License: Creative Commons 

 Differences

The aim of rugby league administrators from the outset was to devise a game which was more free-flowing than union, and one of the first ways they tried to do this was to reduce the number of players in each team from 15 to 13, and to replace line-outs with kicks when the ball left the field of play.

League also eliminates rucks and mauls and, to a large extent, scrums as further ways to keep the game flowing. Instead of this last, play is restarted after it breaks down on the field with a play-the-ball, when an attacking team’s player backheels the ball to a team-mate.

And as opposed to union, in which a team can carry the ball through an unlimited number of phases, in league, once a team’s players have been tackled six times in succession while in possession of the ball, they must hand the ball over to their opponents wherever on the field of play it happens to be. Most often, in order to gain territorial advantage, after the fifth tackle, an attacking team’s player will aim to kick the ball into touch as close to his opponent’s try line as possible. Detractors of league argue that this often breaks up the flow of the game, which teams often having to hand over possession of the ball before they can advance significantly into their opponents’ half of the field.

Scoring

In both codes, points are scored by a ‘try’ which is when a player carries the ball over the opponents’ goal line, and then an attempt is made to kick the ball between the posts from the angle on the pitch equal to where the ball crossed the try line – which are also identical in both codes – to gain extra points, with what’s called a conversion.

Recent times have seen probably the biggest difference between the codes – the amateur ethos of union against the professionalism of league – steadily eroded, and since 1995 players at the highest level of union, in the UK at least, are well rewarded for their commitment to the sport, which in turn has allowed many of them to play the game full-time.

Another recent distinction was made when union officials increased the number of points awarded for scoring a try from four to five, while in both codes, a conversion is worth two points. A try in a league game remains worth four points.

The fine details

Many other fine distinctions exist between the two games, and there is insufficient space to include these in this article. But in essence, the two codes have evolved into distinct games, each with their own strong adherents, although the basic similarities – along with increasing professionalism in union – have enabled many players to cross between them.

Whichever form is played, there’s little doubt that the fast, often high-contact nature of both games is what gives them both their enduring appeal.

James Southerland wrote this article. He is enthusiastic Rugby fanatic, who is careful to insure that his Rugby Player Insurance is kept up to date.

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In the middle ages, this concept was improved upon and became more advanced. Intersections in many European countries had signs which pointed to certain cities, at times even listing the distance to towns. Europeans once again improved upon the concept in the late 19^th century- this time it was the Italian Touring Club who made the next improvement to signage. The organisation was founded in 1894 to promote the values of cycling and tourism. The Italian Touring Club was integral in improving the quality of road signs by petitioning for better road signs for drivers in 1895.

Another improvement made in the 19^th century was the material road signs were made from. Up to the early 1800s, road signs were made from wood and used lead paint. Metal eventually was used in its place, making the material last considerably longer. Reflective paint was also used to improve night time visibility.

These improvements in the 19^th century coincided with the introduction of the automobile, when better road signage was vital. In 1908 the International Road Congress got together in Rome to regulate the usage and set the basic road sign patterns. They eventually agreed on four pictorial symbols.

Between 1928 and 1949 a standardised system of international road signage was heavily worked on, which produced the European Road sign system. It wasn’t until 1964 that the UK adopted a version of the European Road sign system.

To this day, the UK is the only member of the European Union to use Imperial Measurements and the only highway network. All road signs in England, Scotland, Wales and the Isle of Man are regulated by the Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions since 1964. Six amendments have been made to this system since its introduction, most recently in 2008 and 2011.

Despite the differences in road signage around the world, it is still easy enough to interpret what a road sign says regardless of the language or country. Some signs, such as those in Wales have been made bi-lingual to make navigation slightly easier. Thanks to the standardisation of road signs, navigating an unfamiliar area is a breeze. Strict guidelines by several different government committees have been put in place to make sure that shape, units of measurement, colours and lettering are all standardised and easily recognisable. They have also been improved from the earlier reflective paint and are now made from retroflective materials to make sure drivers are able to see them in the dark and in poor weather conditions.

The next time you travel the A1 or the highway try to remember the long history of road signage which is now neglected by drivers the world over.

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